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VPN及其配置示例
2008-06-24   

  VPN的定義
  虛擬專網(VPN-VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK)指的是在公用網絡上建立專用網絡的技術。之所以稱為虛擬網主要是因為整個VPN網絡的任意兩個節點之間的連接并沒有傳統專網所需的端到端的物理鏈路,而是架構在公用網絡服務商所提供的網絡平臺(如INTERNET,ATM,FRAME RELAY等)之上的邏輯網絡,用戶數據在邏輯鏈路中傳輸。
  
  
  VPN的功能
  1、通過隧道(TUNNEL)或虛電路(VIRTUAL CIRCUIT)實現網絡互聯
  2、支持用戶安全管理
  3、能夠進行網絡監控、故障診斷
  
  
  VPN解決方案的優點
  1、省錢:它可以節省長途電話費和長途專線電話費和長途專線網絡費可以為用戶節省30-25%的 網絡應用的開銷。
  2、選擇靈活、速度快:通過vpn網關,用戶可以選擇多種internet連通技術,而且對于 INTERNET的容量可以實現按需定制;
  3、安全性好:VPN的認證機制將更好地保證用戶的隱私權和收發數據的完整性;
  4、實現投資的保護:VPN技術的應用可以建立在用戶現有的防火墻的基礎上,用戶正在使用的 應用軟件也不受影響。
  
  
  VPN技術原理
  1、 VPN系統使分布在不同地方的專用網絡在不可信任的公共網絡上安全的通信。
  2、 VPN設備根據網管設置的規則,確定是否需要對數據進行加密或讓數據直接通過。
  3、 對需要加密的數據,VPN設備對整個數據包進行加密和附上數字簽名。
  4、 VPN設備加上新的收據包頭,其中包括目的地VPN設備需要的安全信息和一些初始化參數。
  5、 VPN設備對加密后的數據、鑒別包以及源IP地址、目標VPN設備IP地址進行重新封裝,重新封裝后的數據包通過虛擬通道在公網上傳輸。
  6、 當數據包到達目標VPN設備時,數據包被解封裝,數據包被解封裝,數字簽名,數字簽名被 核對無誤后,收據包被解密。
  
  
  VPN配置實例
  
  Intranet 內聯網配置:
  Figure 3-8: Intranet VPN Scenario Physical Elements
  Headquarters Router 配置
  hq-sanjose# show running-config
  Building configuration...
  
  Current configuration:
  !
  version 12.0
  service timestamps debug uptime
  service timestamps log uptime
  no service password-encryption
  !
  hostname hq-sanjose
  !
  boot system flash bootflash:
  boot bootldr bootflash:c7100-boot-mz.120-1.1.T
  boot config slot0:hq-sanjose-cfg-small
  no logging buffered
  !
  crypto isakmp policy 1
  authentication pre-share
  lifetime 84600
  crypto isakmp key test12345 address 172.24.2.5
  !
  crypto ipsec transform-set proposal1 ah-sha-hmac esp-des esp-sha-hmac
  mode transport
  !
  !
  crypto map s1first local-address Serial1/0
  crypto map s1first 1 ipsec-isakmp
  set peer 172.24.2.5
  set transform-set proposal1
  match address 101
  !
  interface Tunnel0
  bandwidth 180
  ip address 172.17.3.3 255.255.255.0
  no ip directed-broadcast
  tunnel source 172.17.2.4
  tunnel destination 172.24.2.5
  crypto map s1first
  !
  interface FastEthernet0/0
  ip address 10.1.3.3 255.255.255.0
  no ip directed-broadcast
  no keepalive
  full-duplex
  no cdp enable
  !
  interface FastEthernet0/1
  ip address 10.1.6.4 255.255.255.0
  no ip directed-broadcast
  no keepalive
  full-duplex
  no cdp enable
  !
  interface Serial1/0
  ip address 172.17.2.4 255.255.255.0
  no ip directed-broadcast
  no ip mroute-cache
  no keepalive
  fair-queue 64 256 0
  framing c-bit
  cablelength 10
  dsu bandwidth 44210
  clock source internal
  no cdp enable
  crypto map s1first
  !
  ip route 10.1.4.0 255.255.255.0 Tunnel0
  !
  access-list 101 permit gre host 172.17.2.4 host 172.24.2.5
  !
  line con 0
  transport input none
  line aux 0
  line vty 0 4
  login
  !
  end
  
  Remote Office Router 配置:
  ro-rtp# show running-config
  Building configuration...
  
  Current configuration:
  !
  version 12.0
  service timestamps debug uptime
  service timestamps log uptime
  no service password-encryption
  !
  hostname ro-rtp
  !
  boot system flash bootflash:
  boot bootldr bootflash:c7100-boot-mz.120-1.1.T
  boot config slot0:ro-rtp-cfg-small
  no logging buffered
  !
  crypto isakmp policy 1
  authentication pre-share
  lifetime 84600
  crypto isakmp key test12345 address 172.17.2.4
  !
  crypto ipsec transform-set proposal1 ah-sha-hmac esp-des esp-sha-hmac
  mode transport
  !
  !
  crypto map s1first local-address Serial1/0
  crypto map s1first 1 ipsec-isakmp
  set peer 172.17.2.4
  set transform-set proposal1
  match address 101 #p#分頁標題#e#
  !
  interface Tunnel1
  bandwidth 180
  ip address 172.24.3.6 255.255.255.0
  no ip directed-broadcast
  tunnel source 172.24.2.5
  tunnel destination 172.17.2.4
  crypto map s1first
  !
  interface FastEthernet0/0
  ip address 10.1.4.2 255.255.255.0
  no ip directed-broadcast
  no keepalive
  full-duplex
  no cdp enable
  !
  interface Serial1/0
  ip address 172.24.2.5 255.255.255.0
  no ip directed-broadcast
  no ip mroute-cache
  no keepalive
  fair-queue 64 256 0
  framing c-bit
  cablelength 10
  dsu bandwidth 44210
  clock source internal
  no cdp enable
  crypto map s1first
  !
  ip route 10.1.3.0 255.255.255.0 Tunnel1
  ip route 10.1.6.0 255.255.255.0 Tunnel1
  !
  access-list 101 permit gre host 172.24.2.5 host 172.17.2.4
  !
  line con 0
  transport input none
  line aux 0
  line vty 0 4
  login
  !
  end
  Extranet外聯網配置:
  Figure 3-9: Extranet VPN Scenario Physical Elements
  
  
  Headquarters Router配置:
  hq-sanjose# show running-config
  Building configuration...
  
  Current configuration:
  !
  version 12.0
  service timestamps debug uptime
  service timestamps log uptime
  no service password-encryption
  !
  hostname hq-sanjose
  !
  boot system flash bootflash:
  boot bootldr bootflash:c7100-boot-mz.120-1.1.T
  boot config slot0:hq-sanjose-cfg-small
  no logging buffered
  !
  crypto isakmp policy 1
  authentication pre-share
  lifetime 84600
  crypto isakmp key test12345 address 172.24.2.5
  crypto isakmp key test67890 address 172.23.2.7
  !
  crypto ipsec transform-set proposal1 ah-sha-hmac esp-des esp-sha-hmac
  ode transport
  !
  crypto ipsec transform-set proposal4 ah-sha-hmac esp-des esp-sha-hmac
  !
  !
  crypto map s1first local-address Serial1/0
  crypto map s1first 1 ipsec-isakmp
  set peer 172.24.2.5
  set transform-set proposal1
  match address 101
  !
  crypto map s4second local-address Serial2/0
  crypto map s4second 2 ipsec-isakmp
  set peer 172.23.2.7
  set transform-set proposal4
  match address 111
  !
  interface Tunnel0
  bandwidth 180
  ip address 172.17.3.3 255.255.255.0
  no ip directed-broadcast
  tunnel source 172.17.2.4
  tunnel destination 172.24.2.5
  crypto map s1first
  !
  interface FastEthernet0/0
  ip address 10.1.3.3 255.255.255.0
  no ip directed-broadcast
  no keepalive
  full-duplex
  no cdp enable
  !
  interface FastEthernet0/1
  ip address 10.1.6.4 255.255.255.0
  no ip directed-broadcast
  ip nat inside
  no keepalive
  full-duplex
  no cdp enable
  !
  interface Serial1/0

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